How-To

Impedance-Based Fault Location | A Step-by-Step Guide

Impedance-based fault location is widely used throughout the power transmission and distribution industry. In fact, for most numerical relays, one-ended…

5 years ago

ETAP Star Coordination on Focus | Detailed Example

The main objective of any protection system is to interrupt short-circuits as fast as possible. The means to achieve this…

6 years ago

Fault Level Calculation Using The MVA Method

Abstract: There are a lot of methods that can be used for short-circuit current calculation. One method was previously discussed here…

6 years ago

Practical Evaluation of a Power Fuse Interrupting Capacity

The selection of the short-circuit rating of power fuses and low voltage circuit breakers are treated differently than medium and…

6 years ago

kAIC Rating Assessment of an Electrical Recloser

Electrical reclosers are widely used in overhead electrical distribution systems to detect and interrupt momentary faults mostly due to vegetation,…

6 years ago

Short Circuit Analysis Using ETAP | IEC 60909

Short circuit analysis using ETAP software based on IEC 60909 standard. In the previous discussion, we have presented the step-by-step…

6 years ago

Circuit Breaker Short-Circuit Duty Calculation | IEC60909

Circuit breaker short-circuit duty calculation is a very important step in our discussion on IEC 60909. We had just completed…

6 years ago

Detailed Short Circuit Calculation Using ETAP

Short circuit calculation using ETAP can be done through the 'Short Circuit Analysis' module. This module allows the calculation of…

6 years ago

Circuit Breaker Sizing Calculation: A Step-by-Step Guide

Circuit breaker sizing calculation for medium- and high-voltage circuit breakers basically involves two symmetrical current calculations, one for the first…

7 years ago

Basic Transformer Differential Protection Calculation

In this article, we will present a discussion on transformer differential protection calculation through an application example. So far we…

7 years ago